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Semester 3 - in English - exam 21

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Question 1

Patient has urea retention in the bladder. Pathology of which sexual gland can cause this condition?

A	Glandula bulbourethralis
B	Testicle
C	Prostate
D	Seminal vesicle
E	Epididymis

Question 2

During appendectomy a patient had the a.appendicularis ligated. This vessel branches from the following artery:

A	a ileocolica.
B	a.mesenterica inferior.
C	a.colica media
D	a.sigmoidea.
E	a.colica dextra.

Question 3

The dentist found that the patient of 23 years complains of a large amount of saliva. Stimulation of which autonomic node causes the formation of large amounts of serous saliva?

A	Ganglion sublinguale
B	Ganglion ciliare
C	Ganglion oticum
D	Ganglion pterygopalatinum
E	Ganglion submandibulare

Question 4

A 5 years old child who is diagnosed with severe diphtheria was hospitalized in the infectious department. To prevent suffocation child had the tracheostomy. In which triangle of the neck the operation was performed?

A	Omotracheale
B	Caroticum
C	Submandibulare
D	Omotrapezoideum
E	Omoclaviculare

Question 5

During the examination of the patient, a surgeon found hydrocele. Between the leaves of which testicular membranes can liquid accumulate?

A	Tunica albuginea
B	External semen
C	Serous (vaginal)
D	Tunica dartos
E	Inner semen.

Question 6

As a result of trauma, patients injured the abducent nerve. Which symptoms are observed?

A	Paralysis of the lateral rectus muscle of the eyeball.
B	Paralysis of the medial rectus muscle of the eyeball.
C	Persistent mydriasis.
D	Violation of tearing
E	Disorder accommodation.

Question 7

At the inspection of blood supply of foot, a physician feels a pulsation of a large artery, which passes behind malleolus medialis in the separate fibrous channel. Which artery is this?

A	a.tibialis posterior
B	a.tarsea lateralis
C	a.tarsea medialis
D	a.fibularis
E	a.tibialis anterior

Question 8

After stab wound of left palm, a 44-year-old patient had a laceration of tendons and injury of superficial blood vessels. After operation and removal of necrotic tissues, the blood circulation was normalized. What vessels did help in the restoration of blood supply?

A	Aa. metacarpeae dorsalis
B	Aa. digitales palmares communes
C	Arcus palmaris superficialis
D	Arcus palmaris profundus
E	Aa. metacarpeae palmares

Question 9

In a patient, the upper displacement is marked of acromial end of the clavicle. What ligaments are torn?

A	acromioclavicular, costoclavicular
B	coracoclavicular, acromioclavicular
C	costoslavicular, acromioclavicular
D	anterior sternoclavicular, posterior sternoclavicular
E	costoslavicular, interclavicular

Question 10

Name the bone that has pharyngeal tubercle.

A	ethmoid bone (os ethmoidale).
B	frontal bone (os frontale)
C	temporal bone (os temporale).
D	occipital bone (os occipitale)
E	parietal bone (os parietale).

Question 11

А patient had trepanation and curettage of temporal bone cells (due to) purulent inflammation which moved from the middle ear. On which process the surgery was done?

A	Processus mastoideus
B	Processus jugularis
C	Processus zygomaticus
D	Processus styloideus
E	Processus pterygoideus

Question 12

What are the branches a.thoracica interna has?

A	A. intercostalis. a. epigastrica superior
B	A. musculophrenica, a. epigastrica superior
C	Aa. mediastinales et pericardiacae
D	A. pericardiacophrenica, a.epigastrica inferior
E	A. intercostalis, a. phrenica

Question 13

The patient becomes tired very quickly when working. In a standing position with closed eyes he loses balance. Skeletal muscle tone is decreased. What brain structure is most likely injured in this man?

A	Precentral gyrus of hemispheres
B	Thalamus
C	Limbic system
D	Basal ganglia
E	Cerebellum

Question 14

What are the veins drain the colon?

A	Inferior mesenteric veins
B	Pancreatic veins
C	Superior mesenteric veins
D	Short gastric veins
E	Left gastro-omental veins

Question 15

How many vertebrae in the human spine aren’t fused?

A	24
B	7
C	5
D	9
E	12

Question 16

In intra cerebral hemorrhage in a patient became slurred speech. The sound production of the larynx and movements of the mandible are preserved. Whose nerves nuclei affected in hemorrhage?

A	Nuclei n. accessorii
B	Nuclei n. facialis
C	Nuclei n. glossopharyngeus
D	Nuclei n. Hypoglossi
E	Nuclei n. vagi

Question 17

An examination of the patient revealed ptosis divergent strabismus, mydriasis, limited mobility of the eyeball. What nerve is damaged?

A	N.oculomotorius
B	N.ophthalmicus
C	N. olfactorius
D	N.trochlearis
E	N.opticus

Question 18

The patient has applied to traumatologist with trauma of leg, which he got on sporting competition. At examination it was set the damage of posterior muscle, tendon of which is attached to calcaneus. This is:

A	tibialis posterior
B	fibularis longus
C	fibularis brevis
D	popliteus
E	triceps surae

Question 19

What is the name of first vertebra?

A	Vertebra prominens
B	Axis
C	Atlas
D	Coccyx
E	Epistropheus

Question 20

A patient has a tumor in the area of the upper nasal meatus. Which cranial nerve's receptors may be affected by the tumor?

A	Optic
B	Trochlear
C	Facial
D	Olfactory
E	Adductor

Question 21

In a men 40 years old after the maxillofacial trauma, disturbed the function of sublingual and submandibular glands on the left. Saliva from these glands secreted a little. The function of which nerve is disturbed?

A	XI pair
B	X pair
C	VI pair
D	XII pair
E	VII pair

Question 22

A 54 years old man with an eyeball injury went to the hospital. Besides the damage to the eyeball, the doctor found a fracture in the orbital surface, orbital process and one of the parts of the sphenoid bone. Which part of the sphenoid bone was injured?

A	Turkic sell
B	Pterygoid process
C	Body
D	Ala minor
E	Ala major

Question 23

Find the joint without ossa tarsis?

A	Articulatio calcaneocuboidea
B	Articulatio subtalaris
C	Articulatio cuneonavicularis
D	Articulatio tibiofibularis
E	Articulatio talocalcaneonavicularis

Question 24

As a result of the fracture of the tibia the anterior group of muscles of the lower leg was damaged. The function of which muscle may be affected?

A	M.flexor digitorum longus.
B	M.extensor digitorum brevis
C	M.extensor hallucis longus.
D	M. soleus
E	M. fibularis longus.

Question 25

During the examination of a patient, the doctor found the asymmetry of his face. The patient can not wrinkle his forehead, raise the eyebrows, whistle or completely close his eye. The function of what muscles is broken?

A	Chewing muscles
B	Subcutaneous muscles
C	Mimic muscles
D	Suprahyoid muscles
E	Infrahyoid muscles

Question 26

A nurse injected a medication into the muscles of the back surface of the shoulder. Suddenly the patient felt pain in the muscles of the shoulder, which was distributed into the back surface of the forearm. Which nerve was damaged when administered drugs?

A	musculocutaneous nerve
B	median nerve
C	radial nerve
D	ulnar nerve
E	axillary nerve

Question 27

What movements can we do in frontal axis?

A	flexio, rotatio
B	abductio, adductio
C	flexio, extensio
D	circumductio, flexio
E	rotatio, circumductio

Question 28

After injury a boy has a fracture of the patella. The function of which muscle will be broken?

A	M. sartorius
B	M. biceps femoris.
C	M. semitendinosus.
D	M. semimembranosus.
E	M. quadriceps femoris.

Question 29

What is the location of the processus articularis vertebrae lumbales?

A	Sagittalis
B	Horizontalis
C	Inter frontalis et horizontalis
D	Frontalis
E	Inter sagittalis et frontalis

Question 30

Choose valveless veins:

A	inferior vena cava
B	portal vena Hint: +
C	vv. hepaticae
D	superior vena cava Hint: +
E	v. iliaca communis Hint: +

Question 31

During an examination of the patient's facial expressions was revealed that he can not put his lips in tube form, can’t whistle, the corners of the mouth do not rise up during laughing and the oral cleft is stretched sideways (transverse smile). The patient suffers from myopathy - degenerative hereditary disease with dystrophic muscle lesions. Atrophy of which muscle causes these symptoms?

A	Musculus risorius
B	Musculus zygomaticus major
C	Musculus masseter
D	Platizma
E	Musculus orbicularis oris

Question 32

In a 37 years old patient after the ingress of foreign objects into the airways appeared a cough, and then asthma. The tracheotomy was made on the neck, in the area which is limited by m. omohyoideus venter superior, m. sternocleidomastoideus and median line of the neck. In which triangle of the neck was operation done?

A	Trigonum omotracheale.
B	Trigonum omotrapezoideum.
C	Trigonum submandibulare.
D	Trigonum omoclaviculare.
E	Trigonum caroticum.

Question 33

At which vertebral level does the abdominal aorta terminate?

A	L4
B	T12
C	L2
D	S2

Question 34

The worker with sword cut on the anterior aspect of the arm and arterial bleeding has appealed to the physician. Which artery was most probably injured?

A	aa. metacarpeae dorsalis
B	a.radialis
C	a.brachialis
D	a.subscapularis
E	a.axillaries

Question 35

A patient after the fracture of the upper third of the humerus developed paralysis of the muscles of the back shoulder and forearm. Which nerve is damaged?

A	N. cutaneus antebrachii medialis
B	N. radialis
C	N. medianus
D	N. ulnaris
E	N. musculocutaneus

Question 36

After cranial trauma the patient has lost an ability to feel the taste and smell. What cortical centers were damaged?

A	Middle temporal gyrus
B	Lower frontal gyrus
C	Uncus
D	Upper parietal lobule
E	Insula

Question 37

Articulatio carpometacarpeae is consist of?

A	proximal parts of carpus, caput ossa metacarpi
B	distal parts of carpus, basis ossa metacarpi
C	distal parts of carpus, basis ossa metacarpi
D	proximal parts of carpus, caput ossa metacarpi
E	os pisiforme, basis ossa metacarpi

Question 38

What connection we don’t have between bones of pelvis?

A	Synostosis
B	Articulatio synoviais
C	Membrana interossea
D	Symphysis
E	Syndesmosis

Question 39

The patient went to a neurologist who diagnosed a lesion of the facial nerve. Which of the following cranial nerves does not contain parasympathetic fibers?

A	XII
B	III
C	X
D	IX
E	VII

Question 40

The surgeon, operating 56 years old woman with a tumor of the hard palate (palatum durum), removed along with the tumor one third of that upper jaw (maxilla) part, which is involved in the formation of bone palate (palatum osseum). One-third of which part of the upper jaw did surgeon remove?

A	Processus frontalis.
B	Processus zygomaticus.
C	Processus palatinus.
D	Corpus maxillae.
E	Processus alveolaris.

Question 41

During the gynecological examination a patient was diagnosed with endometritis (inflammation of the endometrium) . Which part of the uterine wall is affected by inflammation?

A	Parametrium
B	Adventitia
C	Mucosa
D	Muscular coat
E	Serous membrane

Question 42

Patient M., aged 43, has addressed to the neuropathologist with the complaints of shortness of breath and pain in the chest, difficulty of a movement cough, hiccups. What nerves are affected?

A	internal
B	intercostals
C	sympathetic trunk
D	diaphragmatic
E	vagus

Question 43

What vertebra does have tuberculum caroticum?

A	I thoracicae
B	VI cervicalis
C	VII cervicalis
D	V cervicalis
E	II cervicalis

Question 44

A patient was admitted to the hospital with an acute pain in the region of joint of the forearm. Which of the following is not characteristic of all synovial joints?

A	meniscus
B	articular cartilage
C	joint capsule
D	synovial fluid
E	intracapsular ligament

Question 45

A patient was admitted to the hospital with a pain in the region of the knee joint. A canal leading from thigh to popliteal fossa is:

A	musculoperoneus inferior
B	adductorius
C	lateral
D	musculoperoneus superior
E	cruropopliteal

Question 46

Which of the following best describes veins?

A	thin walled, large lumens, low pressure, have valves
B	thick walled, large lumens, high pressure, lack valves
C	thick walled, small lumens, low pressure, lack valves
D	thin walled, small lumens, high pressure, have valves

Question 47

Choose the bones form the orbit.

A	Occipital bone, Temporal bone, Sphenoid bone
B	Ethmoid bone, Maxilla, Zygomatic bone
C	Temporal bone, Parietal bone, Frontal bone
D	Ethmoid bone, Occipital bone Temporal bone
E	Temporal bone, Sphenoid bone, Lacrimal bone

Question 48

How many bones are fused in adulthood to form the hip bone?

A	6
B	3
C	5
D	2
E	4

Question 49

Branches of what artery provide blood supply of the pancreas?

A	A.lienalis, a. suprarenalis superior
B	A. gastroduodenalis, a.lienalis, a.mesenterica superior
C	Aa. phrenicae inferiors, a. renalis, a.mesenterica superior
D	A.hepatica communis, a.colica media, a. suprarenalis inferior

Question 50

What connections does Ossa pelvis have?

A	Articulatio sacrococcygea, Articulatio coxae
B	Symphysis pubica, syndesmosis, synostosis
C	Articulatio sacrococcygea, Articulatio zygapophysialis, synostosis
D	Articulatio coxae, symphysis pubica
E	Articulatio coxae, articulatio sacroiliaca

Question 51

The hepatic portal system delivers blood from the digestive organs to the ________.

A	right atrium
B	liver
C	hypothalamus
D	left atrium
E	spleen

Question 52

After injection into the upper outer quadrant of the gluteal area in a patient appeared pain in the hip abduction. What nerve is damaged needle when injected in the gluteal area?

A	Inferior gluteal nerve
B	Superior gluteal nerve
C	Pudendal nerve
D	Sciatic nerve
E	Internal obturator nerve

Question 53

Choose the bones that contain large cavities – sinuses.

A	Maxilla
B	Parietal bone
C	Palatine bone
D	Vomer
E	Occipital bone

Question 54

At the inspection of the heart in patient with myocardial ischemia, a physician has marked a worsening of the blood flow in the vein, which passes in sulcus interventricularis anterior of heart. This vein is:

A	vena cordis media
B	venae cordis anteriores
C	vena cordis parva
D	vena obliqua atrii sinistri
E	vena cordis magna

Question 55

Name the bone that has the ramus. What bone injured?

A	The mandible (mandible)
B	The occipital bone (os occipital)
C	The ethmoid bone (os ethmoidale)
D	The maxilla (maxilla)
E	The frontal bone (os frontale)

Question 56

The patient complains of a violation of the sensitivity of the skin in the medial dorsal and palmar surface of the hand. Which nerve is damaged?

A	N. cutaneus antebrachii medialis
B	N. ulnaris
C	N. musculocutaneus
D	N. medianus
E	N. radialis

Question 57

What is the name of uninterrupted joints of bones with cartilage?

A	synchondrosis
B	amphyartrosis
C	articulatio
D	symphysis
E	syndesmosis

Question 58

In patient during examination of oral cavity established sharp redness of the mucous membrane of the tongue root. Determine what formation is involved in the inflammatory process.

A	Lingual tonsil
B	Pharyngeal tonsil
C	Palatine veil
D	Palatine tonsils
E	Tubal tonsils

Question 59

At inspection in a patient found defeat in the dorsal part of the pons, impaired chewing function. The nucleus of which nerve is affected?

A	Motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve
B	Ambiquus nucleus of the vagus nerve
C	Motor nucleus of the facial nerve
D	Nucleus of the hypoglossal nerve
E	Principal trigeminal nucleus

Question 60

How many vertebrae in the human spine are fused to form sacrum and coccyx?

A	12
B	5
C	24
D	9
E	7

Question 61

Choose arteries for blood supply of caecum, colon ascendens.

A	A.iliolica, a.colica dextra
B	A.colica media, aa. pancreatoduodenales inferiors
C	Aa. interstinales, aa. sigmoideae
D	A.colica sinistra
E	A.iliolica, a.colica sinistra

Question 62

What kind of movement can we do in articulatio atlantooccipitalis?

A	Flexio, Extensio,supinatio
B	Flexio, Extensio, Abductio, Adductio
C	Flexio, Extensio,rotatio
D	Abductio, Adductio, pronation
E	Abductio, Adductio, rotatio

Question 63

The patient has applied to traumatologist with the trauma of upper limb, which he got on sporting competition. A joint that has but one degree of freedom is:

A	plane
B	pivot
C	ball-and-socket
D	ellipsoidal
E	saddle

Question 64

With the opening of deep abscess of cheeks, a vertical incision was made, after which there is paresis (dysfunction) of the muscles on the side of the operation. The branches which were cut nerve?

A	Vagus
B	Maxillary
C	Trigeminal
D	Mandibular
E	Facial

Question 65

What are the organ right colic vein drained?

A	pancreas and duodenum
B	transverse colon
C	jejunum and ileum
D	ascending colon
E	greater curvature of the stomach

Question 66

What auxiliary apparatus of joint do you know?

A	Ligamenta, plicae, facies articularis
B	Cartilago intraarticularis, plicae, capsula articularis
C	Cartilago intraarticularis, ligament, facies articularis
D	Ligamenta intracapsulare, capsula synovialis, bursa synovialis
E	Cartilago intraarticularis, ligamenta, plicae, bursa synovialis

Question 67

A patient was admitted to the hospital with a acute pain in the region of the forearm. Which of the following muscles does operate on two joint?

A	coracobrachialis
B	anconeus
C	brachioradialis
D	biceps brachii
E	brachialis

Question 68

What does the artery pass along the costal sulcus?

A	Dorsal branch of posterior intercostal artery
B	Posterior intercostal artery
C	Intercostal artery proper
D	Internal thoracic artery
E	Superior phrenic artery

Question 69

A 35 years old patient has been delivered into the surgical ward with a suppurating wound in the neck, anterior to trachea (previsceral space). If a surgical operation is not performed urgently, there is a risk of infection spreading to:

A	Interaponeuritic suprasternal space
B	Thoracic cavity and middle mediastinum
C	Thoracic cavity posterior mediastinum
D	Retrovisceral space
E	Thoracic cavity anterior mediastinum

Question 70

What the structure is located between two vertebrae?

A	Lamina
B	Arcus vertebrae
C	Discus intervertebrales
D	Processus spinosus
E	Corpus

Question 71

A woman was diagnosed with ovarian tumors. She needs operation. Which ligament should a surgeon cut to separate the uterus from the ovary?

A	lateral umbilical ligament
B	suspensory ligament
C	round ligament of the uterus
D	ovary ligament
E	broad ligament

Question 72

On cystoscopy under normal conditions, bladder mucosa forms folds except one triangular area where the mucosa is smooth. Where is the triangular area situated?

A	Isthmus of the bladder
B	Body of the bladder
C	Bladder neck
D	Top bladder
E	Bottom of the bladder

Question 73

The victim injured his face and the outer surface of the temporal region, this injury caused the fracture of the zygomatic arch. Which processes of skull bones were broken?

A	Temporal process of the zygomatic bone and zygomatic process of the frontal bone
B	Temporal process of the zygomatic bone and zygomatic process of the temporal bone
C	Zygomatic process of the maxilla and zygomatic process of the temporal bone
D	Zygomatic process of the maxilla and zygomatic process of the frontal bone
E	Temporal process of the frontal bone and zygomatic process of the temporal bone

Question 74

Dentist during tooth extraction destroys cement connections between tooth root and dental alveolus. What this structure?

A	Pulpa dentis
B	Gingiva
C	Dentinum
D	Periodontium
E	Cementum

Question 75

How many vertebrae lumbales in human collumna vertebralis are present?

A	24
B	12
C	5
D	7
E	5

Question 76

What intraarticulate ligaments does Articulatio coxae have:

A	Lig. Iliofemorale
B	lig. Capitis femoris, Lig. Transversum acetabuli
C	Collaterale, denticulatum
D	Zona orhicularis, lig. Transversum acetabuli
E	Lig. cruciatum

Question 77

When checking pupillary reflex in a patient observed slow reaction to light left eye .The function of which nucleus is broken?

A	Nuclei superior colliculi
B	Nucleus of the of the oculomotor nerve
C	Accesory nucleus of the oculomotor nerve
D	Nucleus of the abducent nerve
E	Nucleus of the of the trochlear nerve

Question 78

At patient presents with a stab wound to the chest. A open thoracotomy is performed. In which of the following spaces can the superior vena cava be located?

A	Posterior mediastinum
B	Anterior mediastinum
C	Superior mediastinum
D	Diaphragmatic caval hiatus
E	Transverse pericardial sinus

Question 79

The patient came to the clinic with a wound in the area of the neck. At inspection found damaged nerve, located in front of the anterior scaleni muscle. Which nerve is damaged?

A	diaphragmatic
B	Glossopharyngeal
C	cervical sympathetic trunk
D	Vagus
E	hypoglossus

Question 80

After the fall a woman received a fracture of olecranon of the ulna, as a result she can’t straighten the upper limb in the elbow and shoulder joints. The function of which muscle is broken?

A	M. triceps brachii.
B	M coracobrachialis.
C	M. brachialis.
D	M. biceps brachii.
E	M. anconeus.

Question 81

Which is the lateral-most carpal bone of the proximal row?

A	trapezium
B	hamate
C	pisiform
D	scaphoid

Question 82

During the examination of a patient, 25 years old, was found a hematoma of the soft tissue of the medial wall of the axillary fossa. What the muscle of the chest does form the medial wall of the axillary fossa?

A	M. serratus posterior superior.
B	M. serratus posterior inferior.
C	M. serratus anterior
D	M. pectoralis minor.
E	M. pectoralis major.

Question 83

At a patient, there was a trauma of elbow with tearing off of medial epicondyle of the humerus. Define, what nerve might be damaged?

A	axilaris
B	ulnaris
C	musculocutaneus
D	radialis
E	medianus

Question 84

The patient 59 years old has problem with voluntary movement of right hand because of the tumor of spinal cord. Nerve impulses that cause voluntary muscle contractions are transmitted through:

A	Both Funiculus lateralis and Funiculus posterior
B	Both Funiculus anterior and Funiculus lateralis
C	Funiculus posterior
D	Funiculus lateralis
E	Funiculus anterior

Question 85

The patient appealed to the dentist complaining of a dry area under the tongue right. The doctor found that the strangulated chorda tympani at its output to the right infratemporal fossa through fissure.

A	Petrotympanica
B	Petroocipitalis
C	Sphenopetrosa
D	Tympanomastoidea
E	Petrosguamosa

Question 86

Because of fall, a patient goes a fracture of upper part of the humerus. One of the back muscle is dysfunctional, this muscle is attached to the crista tuberculi minoris ossis humeri. What muscle is damaged?

A	M. serratus posterior superior.
B	M. rhomboideus major.
C	M. latissimus dorsi.
D	M. rhomboideus minor.
E	M. trapezius.

Question 87

What ligaments connect Articulatio coxae:

A	lig. Transversum acetabuli, lig. Capitis femoris
B	lig. Ischiofemorale, Zona orhicularis, lig.capitis femoris
C	Zona orhicularis, iliofemorale, ischiofemorale, pubofemorale
D	iliofemorale, lig.capitis femoris
E	Zona orhicularis, lig.capitis femoris

Question 88

What are the parried visceral branches of the aorta abdominalis?

A	Aa. suprarenales inferiores, aa. colicae, aa. renales
B	Aa. suprarenales superiores, renales, phrenici inferiores
C	Aa. renales, suprarenales mediae, testiculares (ovaricae)
D	Aa. suprarenales mediae, iliacae internae, uterinae
E	Aa. testiculares (ovaricae), lumbales, mesenterici inferiors

Question 89

In the hospital was a man with a knife at the nose. After the examination, doctor also found damage in the cribriform plate. What bone was damaged?

A	Parietal bone (os parietale)
B	Frontal bone (os frontale)
C	Occipital bone (os occipitale)
D	Ethmoid bone (os ethmoidale)
E	Sphenoid bone (os sphenoidale)

Question 90

A patient 40 years old appealed to the doctor complaining that the skin on the medial surface of the right legs less sensitive and colder than on the left leg. At inspection found damaged:

A	tibial nerve
B	common peroneal nerve
C	saphenous nerve
D	superficial branch of the peroneal nerve
E	sural nerve

Question 91

What are the branches of the thoracic aorta supply the lung as an organ?

A	Rami bronchiales
B	Aa. intercostales posteriors III-XI
C	Rami pericardiaci
D	Rami mediastinales
E	Rami oesophagei

Question 92

A man went to the hospital with a brain injury. The doctor found a fracture in the skull. The line of fracture passes through linea nuchae superior. Which bone was injured?

A	os temporale
B	os ethmoidale
C	os parietale
D	os occipitale
E	os frontale

Question 93

Patient A. was admitted to the neurological department with complaints of pain in the right half of the face. The examination revealed decreased the sensitivity of the skin in this area, pain with pressure in supra - and infraorbital points, chin. What nerve is affected?

A	Facial
B	Trigeminal
C	Accessorius
D	Cutaneous branches of brachial plexus
E	Hypoglossal

Question 94

Male 56 years came to the dentist, doctor for the purpose of anesthesia of large molars made anesthetic injection (painkillers) to formation of the upper jaw, which is the entry point of the nerves of the infratemporal fossa through foramina alveolaria to the alveolae dentales. Where did the doctor inject the anesthetic?

A	Sinus maxillaris.
B	Processus palatinus.
C	Processus frontalis.
D	Tuber maxillae.
E	Processus alveolaris.

Question 95

Sick woman 62 years old addressed to the doctor with complaints of pain in the hip joint during movement, and pain in the muscles of the medial surface of the thigh. Damage of which nerve could cause this?

A	Ilioinguinal nerve
B	Sciatic nerve
C	Genitofemoral nerve
D	Obturator nerve
E	Femoral nerve

Question 96

The patient is disturbed the motor function of the tongue. With pathology of which nerve it is connected?

A	Hypoglossus
B	Vagus
C	Glossopharyngeal
D	Accessorius
E	Facial

Question 97

X-ray showed the intraarticular fracture of the proximal epiphysis of the humerus. What the structure of the humerus is damaged?

A	Crista tuberculi minor
B	Caput humeri
C	Crista tuberculi major
D	Tuberculum minor
E	Collum chirurgicum

Question 98

What is the bone that does not form the orbit?

A	Maxilla
B	The ethmoid bone
C	Palatine bone
D	The temporal bone
E	The frontal bone

Question 99

Articulatio coxae has:

A	Discus articularis
B	Discus triangulare
C	Labrum articulare
D	Discus intervertebralis
E	Meniscus articularis

Question 100

At patient 56-year-old, suffering on chronic hepatitis, at the inspection the rise was exposed of pressure in the system of vena porta. The considerable expansion is determined of the subcutaneous venous net near the navel. What veins provides the outflow of blood from the system of vena porta into this net in norm?

A	v.lienalis
B	vv.paraumbilicales
C	v.epigastrica superior
D	v.gastrica sinistra
E	v.epigastrica inferior

Question 101

Into the clinic, a patient was admitted with diagnosis “sinus tahicardia” (150 heart beats per minute). How known, such pathology arises up at the increased excitability of sinuatrial node, which is located:

A	within interventricular septum
B	in wall of right atrium
C	in wall of left atrium
D	in wall of coronary sinus
E	within interatrial septum

Question 102

Horizontal (transverse) plane divides the body:

A	Proximalis and distalis
B	Cranialis (superior) and caudalis (inferior) parts
C	Profundus and superficialis
D	Dexter and sinister
E	Anterior (ventralis) and posterior (dorsalis) parts

Question 103

After the injury of the hip joint in the patient has a limitation of movements. What is the hip joint by shape and number of axes?

A	Art. ginglymus.
B	Art. cotylica.
C	Art. sellaris.
D	Art. trochoidea.
E	Art. spheroidea

Question 104

There is a need for bladder catheterization. In which urethral part or structure can resistance occur?

A	Spongy.
B	Prostate.
C	Internal urethral opening.
D	Membranaceus.
E	External urethral opening.

Question 105

Name the vertebra with foramen processus transversus?

A	Cervicalis
B	Cervicalis, (exept 1st)
C	Cervicalis, (exept 7th)
D	Thoracicaes
E	Lumbalis

Question 106

During writing the medical history of a patient, the doctor noted that the trauma is located in the submandibular triangle. Which of the following anatomical structures border this area?

A	Middle oh hyoid bone
B	Midline of the trackea
C	Inferior border of the mandible
D	Midline of the neck

Question 107

Where are middle suprarenal arteries arising from the aorta?

A	either side posteriorly at the level of L1
B	laterally of the aorta, at the level of L2
C	posterior aspect of the aorta, at the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm (T12 level)
D	posteriorly at the level of L4
E	anterior aspect of the aorta, at the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm (T12 level)

Question 108

The man turned to the doctor for a sore throat. An examination of the patient revealed hypertrophy of lymphoid organ, located in Fosse tonsillaris. What is this organ?

A	Tonsilla pharingea
B	Tonsilla lingualis
C	Tonsilla tubaria
D	Tonsilla adenoidea
E	Tonsilla palatina

Question 109

Upon examination, the patient was installed defeat the dorsal part of the pons, disturbed chewing function. The nucleus of which nerve is affected?

A	Ambiquus nucleus of the vagus nerve
B	Motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve
C	Motor nucleus of the facial nerve
D	The nucleus of hypoglossal nerve
E	Pontine nucleus of trigeminal nerve

Question 110

In what joints of head of the ribs we don’t have intraarticulare ligaments?

A	I, XI, XII
B	I, II, XII
C	X, XI, XII
D	VI, VII, VIII
E	I, V,XII

Question 111

The patient does not feel the a touch to the skin in the medial surface of the shoulder to the elbow after injury. Inflammation of which of the nerve is observed in the patient?

A	axillary nerve
B	medial cutaneous nerve of arm
C	radial nerve
D	medial cutaneous nerve of forearm
E	A.ulnar nerve

Question 112

At the soccer match, a player has got a trauma of the knee joint. At sciagram a fracture of bone located within the tendon of quadriceps muscle is marked. What group does this bone belong to?

A	flat
B	tubular
C	round
D	irregular
E	sesamoid

Question 113

“ Ossification” is terminal stage of the development:

A	combinate joint
B	simplex joint
C	synchondrosis permanent
D	synchondrosis temporary
E	symphysis

Question 114

Reiter's disease is a simultaneous destruction of eyeballs, urinary tract and joints. The most often defined by lesion in vascular layer. Which are parts of vascular layer?

A	Corpus vitreum, iris, corpus ciliare
B	Iris, lens, corpus ciliare
C	Iris, corpus ciliare, choroidea
D	Iris, corpus ciliare, sclera
E	Cornea, iris, corpus ciliare

Question 115

What types of joints do we have between bodies of vertebra?

A	synchondrosis,synostosis, symphysis
B	synchondrosis, symphysis, diartrosis
C	symphysis, diartrosis
D	syndesmosis, diartrosis
E	diartrosis, synostosis

Question 116

Choose the bones that contain large cavities – sinuses.

A	Palatine bone
B	Occipital bone
C	Mandible
D	Parietal bone
E	Frontal bone

Question 117

What types of movements can we do in Articulatio interphalangea?

A	Abductio, adductio
B	Flexio, extensio
C	Rotatio, circumductio
D	Rotatio
E	Flexio, rotatio

Question 118

The mother appealed for help to the pediatrician. Sick 14 months girl with fever, crying, taking toys into the mouth. Which tooth erupt at this age?

A	Canine
B	Power second molar
C	First upper molar
D	Medial lower incisor
E	Premolar

Question 119

Which chamber of the heart does the superior vena cava empty into?

A	Right atrium
B	Left ventricle
C	Right venticle
D	Venous sinus
E	Left atrium

Question 120

In the hospital was delivered a man, 34 years old, with stab wounds on the anterior cervical area. The cornu majus of bone, which is located under the mandibulla, was damaged due to injury. What bone is damaged?

A	Hyoid bone (os hyoideum).
B	Zygomatic bone (os zygomaticum).
C	Maxilla.
D	Palatinum bone (os palatinum).
E	Lacrimal bone (os lacrimale).

Question 121

During the rightsided lobectomy surgery, a surgeon approached the root of the right lung for the purpose of separation and processing its components. Specify the order of the elements of the root of the right lung which the doctor sees in the separation and processing from top to bottom?

A	Bronchus, pulmonary artery, phrenic nerve
B	Phrenic nerve, bronchus, bronchial artery and vein
C	Pulmonary artery, bronchus, pulmonary veins
D	Bronchus, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein
E	Pulmonary vein, pulmonary artery, bronchus

Question 122

Angiocardiography of a 60-years-old man revealed constriction of a vessel located in the left coronary sulcus of the heart. Name this pathological vessel:

A	Ramus interventricularis anterior.
B	Ramus circumflexus.
C	Ramus interventricularis posterior
D	V.cordis parva.
E	A.coronaria dextra.

Question 123

A woman 40 years old appealed to the doctor with complaints about the inability to unbend the foot and toes, which creates difficulties in walking. OBJECTIVE: foot hanging, facing slightly inward, her fingers bent ("horse's foot"), sensitivity is lost on the outside surface of the leg and dorsal surface of the foot. Which nerve is affected?

A	sciatic nerve
B	tibial nerve
C	common peroneal nerve
D	femoral nerve
E	subcutaneous nerve

Question 124

ІІ-V articulatio metacarpeaphalangea pollicis is?

A	Elipsoidea
B	Condylaris
C	Trochlearis
D	Plana
E	Sellaris

Question 125

To the hospital applied a man with the sliced wound of the upper third of the lateral side of the forearm. Which muscle was damaged, if the patient can not bend the upper limb in the elbow joint?

A	M. brachioradialis.
B	M. extensor digitorum.
C	M. extensor carpi ulnaris.

Question 126

The patient, 38 years old, was admitted to the neurological department with hemorrhage in the area near the red nucleus, substantia nigra and corpora quadrigemina. In which region of the brain are corpora quadrigemina, nucleus ruber and substantia nigra located?

A	metencephalon
B	diencephalon
C	myelencephalon
D	mesencephalon
E	cerebellum

Question 127

In surgical delivered was taken a man with a deep sliver of the I intercarpal space. It is discovered a damage of m. adductor pollicis. Which function is broken?

A	Extensio
B	Adductio
C	Flexio
D	Rotatio
E	Abductio

Question 128

A sportsman has got a trauma of the joint of forearm region and was admitted to the hospital. A membrana interossea is characteristic of:

A	suture
B	synchondrosis
C	symphysis
D	syndesmosis
E	gomphosis

Question 129

A patient is performed leftsided pulmonectomy due to lung cancer. A surgeon should recall the order of the anatomical structures of the right lung root (top down).

A	veins, bronchus, artery
B	bronchus, artery, vein
C	artery, vein, bronchus
D	vein, artery, bronchus
E	artery, vein, bronchus

Question 130

As a result of head injuries, localized a hematoma in the middle cranial fossa on the left. As a result, on the affected side dilation of the pupil. What nerve is affected?

A	N.trigeminus
B	N.trochlearis
C	N.opticus
D	N.abduceus
E	N.oculomotorius

Question 131

After the circulatory disorder of the brain the patient has lost the ability to write letters and numbers. In what part of the brain did this pathology occur?

A	Insula
B	Lobus temporalis
C	Lobus frontalis
D	Lobus parietalis
E	Lobus occipitalis

Question 132

The patient has paralysis of the right upper and lower limbs. The center of what hemisphere of the brain is damaged?

A	Center of stereognosis of the left hemisphere
B	Motor center of right hemisphere
C	Center of simultaneous rotation of the head and eyes to the opposite side of the right hemisphere
D	Motor center of left hemisphere
E	Center of precise movement of the left hemisphere

Question 133

In a patient, a pus is accumulated within infratemporal fossa. Which of the following openings it might be spread into orbit through?

A	foramen lacerum
B	inferior orbital fissure
C	foramen supraorbital
D	foramen infraorbital
E	superior orbital fissure

Question 134

At the soccer match, a player has got a trauma of the joint. Which of the following statements related to ligamentum capitis femoris are false?

A	it extends from fossa acetabuli to fovea capitis femoris
B	it is intracapsular ligament
C	it contains arterial vessel supplying the head of femur
D	it supports the coxal joint
E	it is extracapsular ligament

Question 135

Examining a patient a neuropathologist detected the following symptom complex: cremasteric reflex extinction (reduction of m. cremaster), disorder of skin sensitivity on the anterior and internal surface of the superior third of the thigh and scrotum. Which nerve was injured?

A	Femoral
B	Genitofemoral
C	Obturator
D	Sciatic
E	Ilioinguinal

Question 136

What kind of joint do we have between ІІ-VII ribs and sternum?

A	synhondrosis temporary
B	synelastosis
C	synostosis
D	synhondrosis permanent
E	articulatio plana

Question 137

In the surgical department was brought a man with an injury of the brain. A doctor established the bone injury, which takes part in the formation of the lateral walls of the right orbit. Which bone was damaged?

A	Right frontal bone.
B	Right ethmoid bone.
C	Right maxilla.
D	Right zygomatic bone.
E	Right temporal bone.

Question 138

A 28year old woman was diagnosed with ectopic pregnancy which was complicated by rupture of the fallopian tube. In what space of the peritoneum can blood appear?

A	Left mesenteric sinus
B	Intersigmoidal sinus
C	Right mesenteric sinus
D	Vesicouterine
E	Rectouterine

Question 139

Articulatio coxae is consist of:

A	Caput ossis femoris, Facies lunata acetabuli
B	Caput ossis femoris et Facies auricularis sacri
C	Facies auricularis sacri et Facies lunata acetabuli
D	ovea capitis ossis femoris et acetabulum
E	facies tuber ischiadicum et Caput ossis femoris

Question 140

In a patient, a purulent maxillary sinusitis was diagnosed. A pus from maxillary sinus drains into:

A	vestibule
B	middle nasal meatus
C	lower nasal meatus
D	lateral nasal meatus
E	upper nasal meatus

Question 141

The patient does not understand the meaning of the words, as well as his own speech. What gyrus of the cerebral hemispheres is affected?

A	Superior temporal gyrus
B	Inferior frontal gyrus
C	Superior parietal gyrus
D	Postcentral gyrus
E	Inferior parietal gyrus

Question 142

The patient disrupt the masticatory muscles. What nerve is damaged?

A	maxillary nerve
B	auriculo-temporal nerve
C	mandibular nerve
D	lingual nerve
E	buccal nerve

Question 143

What are the branches a. thoracica interna has?

A	A. musculophrenica, a. epigastrica superior
B	A. intercostalis, a. phrenica
C	A. pericardiacophrenica, a. epigastrica inferior
D	A. intercostalis. a. epigastrica superior
E	Aa.mediastinales et pericardiacae

Question 144

A man 40 years after maxillofacial trauma disrupted the function of the sublingual and submandibular gland from the left. Saliva from these glands secreted a little. The function of which nerve is broken?

A	XI
B	VI
C	VII

Question 145

Where the inferior vena cava leaves the abdomen?

A	at the level of L5
B	at the level of T12
C	at the level of T8
D	at the level of T10
E	at the level of L4

Question 146

After a cold a patient had disorder of pain and temperature sensitivity of anterior 2/3 of the tongue. Which nerve was injured?

A	Chorda tympani
B	N. phrenic
C	N. vagus
D	N. trigeminal
E	N. sublingual

Question 147

In a patient, observed decrease of tactile and taste sensation of mucosa posterior third of the back of the tongue. Which nerve is damaged?

A	the second branch of the trigeminal nerve
B	hypoglossus
C	facial
D	the third branch of the trigeminal nerve
E	glossopharyngeal

Question 148

Where is the superior vena cava located in the mediastinum?

A	in the inferior mediastinum
B	in the posterior mediastinum
C	in the anterior mediastinum
D	in the middle and superior mediastinum
E	in the superior and anterior mediastinum

Question 149

After a cranial trauma with the damage of the superior wall of the right eyesocket a patient lost the possibility to lift up the upper eyelid of the right eye and look up. Which nerve was damaged?

A	N. ophtalmicus
B	R. superior n. oculomotorius
C	N. abducens
D	N. trochlearis
E	R. inferior n. oculomotorius

Question 150

Chronic lung disease was complicated be stone release from the kidney. At which level of the ureter it most likely be stopped

A	In the abdominal part
B	In the place of renal pelvis transition into the ureter
C	2 cm above the confluence of the bladder
D	At the border of abdominal and pelvic parts
E	5 cm above the pelvic part

Question 151

The patient has paralysis of the left upper and lower limbs. The center of what hemisphere of the brain could be damaged?

A	Center of simultaneous rotation of the head and eyes to the opposite side of the right hemisphere
B	Center of precise movement of the right hemisphere
C	Motor center of left hemisphere
D	Center of stereognosis of the left hemisphere
E	Motor center of right hemisphere

Question 152

Choose all statements describing superior vena cava position:

A	It descends vertically through the superior mediastinum. Hint: +
B	It descends behind the intercostal spaces. Hint: +
C	It is located to the right of the aorta and trachea. Hint: +
D	It terminates at the level of the second costal cartilage.
E	It is located to the left of the aorta and trachea.

Question 153

What types of joints do we have between processus spinosus vertebrae?

A	Syndesmosis
B	Synostosis
C	Diartrosis
D	Symphysis
E	Synchondrosis

Question 154

In a patient, observed tearing, increased salivation. This condition, combined with other symptoms of irritation is regarded as one of the fibers of cranial nerves. What is it and what nerve fibers?

A	somatic motor fibers of the facial nerve
B	parasympathetic fibers of the oculomotor nerve
C	parasympathetic fibers of the facial nerve
D	parasympathetic fibers of the vagus nerve
E	somatic motor fibers of the oculomotor nerve

Question 155

Examination of a patient with a cut wound in the interior third of the right leg anterior area has shown the absence of extension movements in the right ankle joint. Muscles are not injured. Which nerve integrity has been affected?

A	Common peroneal
B	Saphenous
C	Deep fibular
D	Superficial fibular
E	Femoral

Question 156

What types of movements can we do in Articulatio genus?

A	Abductio, extensio, rotatio
B	Flexio, adductio, rotatio
C	Flexio, abductio, adductio
D	Flexio, extensio, rotatio
E	Extensio, abductio, adductio

Question 157

The patient appealed to the doctor with a complaint of difficulty in chewing. The examination revealed atrophy of the right temporal and masseter muscles. When opening the mouth, the jaw deviates to the left. What nerve is affected?

A	The motor part of mandibular
B	Maxillary
C	Inferior alveolar
D	Mylohyoid
E	Facial

Question 158

What is the specific feature of the seventh cervical vertebra?

A	Massive transverse process connects with the whole lateral aspect of its pedicle
B	It bears the dens (odontoid process) on the superior aspect of its body
C	It has long and easily felt non-bifid spine
D	It has no body
E	It comes into relationship with the descending aorta and is a little flattened by it on its left flank

Question 159

What level does the aorta pass through the diaphragm and the coeliac trunk arise?

A	L2
B	L1
C	T11
D	T10
E	T12

Question 160

What bone does form the roof of the orbit?

A	The frontal bone
B	The zygomatic bone
C	The maxilla
D	The ethmoid bone
E	The palatine bone

Question 161

The man, 34 years old, with inflammation of sphenoid sinus, and doctor observed outflow of turbid fluid from the opening of the sinus. In which part of the nasal cavity does fluid enter first from sphenoid sinus?

A	Meatus nasi inferior.
B	Infundibulum.
C	Meatus nasi medius.
D	Meatus nasi communis.
E	Recessus sphenoethmoidalis.

Question 162

Name the layer of capsula articularis (L.) that produces synovial liquid?

A	external epithelial membrane
B	fat membrane
C	fiber membrane
D	synovial membrane

Question 163

Due to the fall, the boy, 1 year old, received injury of anterior fontanel. What type of skull bones connection were damaged?

A	Syndesmosis.
B	Synostosis.
C	Diartrosis.
D	Synchondrosis.
E	Hemiartrosis.

Question 164

What are the veins drain the greater curvature of the stomach?

A	Pancreatic veins
B	Inferior mesenteric veins
C	Left gastro-omental veins
D	Short gastric veins
E	Superior mesenteric veins

Question 165

Find the features of articulations interphalangaeae manus:

A	Composita, plana
B	Composita, ellipsoidea
C	Simplex, hinge
D	Simplex, cotilica
E	Composita, pivot

Question 166

On patient's examination, a surgeon found injuries of the middle third of the left kidney. The integrity of which organ should be checked while taking into account syntopy of the left kidney?

A	The small intestine
B	Liver
C	Pancreas
D	Descending colon
E	Stomach

Question 167

What department of vertebra column does have vertebrae with split processus spinosus?

A	Lumbaris
B	Thoracicae, except first
C	Sacralis et V lumbalis
D	Cervicalis, except first and seventh
E	IV, V lumbalis

Question 168

What are the branches of the thoracic aorta supply the lung as an organ?

A	Rami pericardiaci
B	Rami bronchiales
C	Rami oesophagei
D	Rami mediastinales

Question 169

A man came to the hospital with the trauma of the head. After the examination, the doctor found the fracture of the facial bone of the skull. The fracture line passes through the condilar process. What bone was injured?

A	Maxilla
B	Os lacrimale
C	Os palatinum
D	Mandibula
E	Os zygomaticus

Question 170

Patient appealed to the doctor with complaints about the impossibility of abduction of his right hand after the earlier trauma. In surveys, passive movements are not restricted. Revealed atrophy of the deltoid muscle. Which nerve is damaged?

A	Suprascapular nerve
B	Axillary nerve
C	Radial nerve
D	Ulnar nerve
E	Median nerve

Question 171

How many vertebrae does columna vertebralis contain?

A	30-32
B	34-36
C	33-34
D	35-38
E	31-40

Question 172

As a result of the dislocation of the mandible, in the patient has no sense of taste front of the tongue and tearing. Which nerve causes this?

A	hypoglossus
B	Facial
C	vagus
D	tympanic
E	mandibular

Question 173

Because of fall, a patient got a fracture of upper part of the humerus. One of the back muscle is dysfunctional, this muscle is attached to the crista tuberculi minoris ossis humeri. What muscle is damaged?

A	M. serratus posterior superior.
B	M. rhomboideus major.
C	M. rhomboideus minor.
D	M. trapezius.
E	M. latissimus dorsi.

Question 174

A man at work received a cut wound in the lateral margin of the palmar surface of the hand. The doctor discovered limitation of the thumb abduction. The function of which muscle is damaged?

A	Musculus abductor policis brevis
B	Musculus opponens
C	Musculus palmaris brevis
D	Musculi lubricales
E	Musculus abductor policis

Question 175

The patient needs the catheterization and injection of medicine into the subclavian vein. The catheter is situated in the area of trigonum clavipectorale. What structures do limit it?

A	Clavicula and superior border of musculus pectoralis major
B	. Inferior and superior borders of musculus pectoralis minor.
C	Clavicula and inferior border of musculus pectoralis minor.
D	Inferior border of musculus pectoralis major and inferior border of musculus pectoralis minor
E	Clavicula and superior border of musculus pectoralis minor.

Question 176

Where is the superior vena cava receive the azygous vein?

A	at the level of T4
B	at the level of the lower edge of the right first costal cartilage
C	at the level of the xiphoid process of the sternum
D	at the level of the lower edge of the right third costal cartilage
E	at the level of T12

Question 177

What are the arteries branched from the aa. intercostales posteriors III-XI of the thoracic aorta?

A	Aa. thoracica interna
B	Rami mediastinales
C	Rami dorsalis
D	Aa. phrenicae superiores
E	Aa. intercostales posteriors I-XI

Question 178

The patient appealed to the doctor complaining of increased pain sensitivity of the skin of auricle and ear canal. Palpation behind the sternocleidomastoid muscle hurt. Irritation of the which nerves can give the clinical picture?

A	N. occipitalis minor
B	N. auricularis magnus
C	N. transversus colli
D	N. vagus
E	N. Supraclaviculares

Question 179

Name the auxiliary apparatus of Articulatio genus?

A	ligament, discus, plicae alares, bursae synovialis
B	Ligg. Intracapsularia, labrum articulare, bursa synovialis
C	Ligamentum, vaginae synovialis, plicae alares
D	Ligamentum, meniscus, vagina synovialis, bursae synovialis
E	Ligamentum, meniscus, plicae alares, bursae synovialis

Question 180

Very ofter a cubital fossa is used for injections of medicine and venous blood sampling, it is because of localization of ulnar vein directly under the skin. What structures do limit the cubital fossa?

A	M. biceps brachii, m. brachioradialis, m. flexor carpi ulnaris.
B	M. biceps brachii, m. brachioradialis, m. flexor carpi radialis.
C	M. brachioradialis, m. pronator teres, m. flexor carpi ulnaris.
D	M. biceps brachii, m. brachioradialis, m. pronator teres.
E	M. brachialis, m. brachioradialis, m. pronator teres

Question 181

At extirpation of the lateral lobes of thyroid gland great care must be taken to avoid removing the parathyroid glands, which are situated:

A	Behind the lobes
B	Laterally from lobes
C	Medially from lobes
D	Between the lobes
E	In front of lobes

Question 182

A patient after fracture of radius developed traumatic neuritis, which has steady swelling of hand, limitation of movement in the fingers (bending), paresthesia, increased sweating. A defeat of which nerve is observed in this condition?

A	ulnar nerve
B	interosseus nerve
C	axillary nerve
D	median nerve
E	radial nerve

Question 183

Where is the caval hiatus located?

A	at the level of L5
B	at the level of T10
C	at the level of L4
D	at the level of T12
E	at the level of T8

Question 184

Name the bone that has crista galli.

A	The ethmoid bone (os ethmoidale)
B	The sphenoid bone (os sphenoidale)
C	The frontal bone (os frontale)
D	The parietal bone (os parietale)
E	The occipital bone (os occipitale)

Question 185

A sportsman has got a trauma of the joint of the lower limb and was admitted to the hospital. The articulatio tarsi transversa is composed of:

A	art.talonavicularis and art.cuneonavicularis
B	art.calcaneocuboidea and art.talonavicularis
C	art.talonavicularis and art.talocruralis
D	art.calcaneocuboidea and art.subtalaris
E	art.talonavicularis and art.talonavicularis

Question 186

A patient has inflammation of the sphenoid sinus. Where does its aperture open?

A	Infundibulum
B	Recessus sphenoethmoidalis
C	Meatus nasi communis
D	Meatus nasi medius
E	Meatus nasi inferior

Question 187

Name the body parts located close to the trunk?

A	Superficialis.
B	Distalis
C	Profundus
D	Proximalis
E	Sinister

Question 188

Find the features of Articulatio coxae:

A	Composita , spheroidea
B	Composita
C	Simplex, ellipsoidea
D	Composita, plana
E	Simplex, spheroidea (ball and socket)

Question 189

Name the body parts located far from the head?

A	Superficialis.
B	Dexter
C	Profundus
D	Cranialis (superior)
E	Sinister

Question 190

A patient was admitted to the hospital with acute pain in the gluteal area. A muscle dividing the foramen ischiadicum majus into upper and lower parts is:

A	piriformis
B	gemelli
C	quadratus femoris
D	obturatorius internus
E	obturatorius externus

Question 191

A patient was diagnosed with abscess of the neck (purulent inflammation), which is located above manubrium sterni. Which interfascial space the surgeon must cut and drain?

A	Spatium retropharyngeale
B	Spatium prepharyngeale
C	Spatium previscerale
D	Spatium pretracheale
E	Spatium interaponeuroticum suprasternale

Question 192

What part of colon may be damaged at the wound in the left half of abdomen?

A	Colon sigmoideum
B	Rectum
C	Colon descendens
D	Colon transversum
E	Colon ascendens

Question 193

Name the vertebra with no corpus?

A	I cervicalis
B	I thoracicae
C	V lumbalis
D	II cervicalis
E	VI cervicalis

Question 194

Find the features of Articulatio sacroiliaca:

A	Simplex, complexa, ellipsoidea
B	Composita, complexa, spheroidea
C	Simplex, plana, amphiarthrosis
D	Composita , complexa, plana
E	Composita, trochlearis

Question 195

A man, in working conditions, got an injury of the femoral nerve, which runs in the lacuna musculorum. What structures do limit lacuna musculorum?

A	Lig. inquinale, os ilium, lig. pectineale.
B	Lig. inquinale, arcus ileopectineus, os pubis.
C	Lig. inquinale, lig lacunare, os pubis.
D	Lig. inquinale, lig. lacunare, lig. Pectineale
E	Lig. inquinale, os ilium, arcus ileopectineus.

Question 196

During the final game a basketball player injured his right leg, after this injury it was impossible to bend the right foot. The team’s doctor found that the tendon was damaged. The tendon of which muscle is damaged?

A	Musculus biceps femoris
B	Musculus gracilis
C	Musculus triceps surae (Achilles' tendon)
D	Musculus tibialis anterior
E	Musculus extensor policis longus

Question 197

In the young man, the humerus is broken in the area of crista tuberculi majoris. Movements are limited. What muscle is attached to cristae tuberculi majoris humeri?

A	M. subclavius.
B	M. serratus anterior
C	M. pectoralis major
D	M. transversus thoracis.

Question 198

In adult, calcium is frequently deposited in the epiphysis cerebri and then serves as a landmark on an xray investigation of brain. Epiphysis cerebri (pineal body) belongs to:

A	Myelencephalon
B	Mesencephalon
C	Diencephalon
D	Metencephalon
E	Telencephalon

Question 199

A patient (man 68-years-old) was admitted to the hospital with a problem in the abdomen. Posterior wall of rectus sheath below linea arcuata is formed by:

A	aponeurosis of external oblique muscle
B	aponeurosis of transverses muscle
C	fascia transversalis
D	aponeurosis of internal oblique muscle
E	fascia thoracodorsalis

Question 200

What is the name of seventh vertebra?

A	Atlas
B	Epistropheus
C	Coccyx
D	Axis
E	Vertebra prominens

Question 201

At a patient, there is a disturbance of skin sensitivity at medial surface of the forearm. What nerve is damaged?

A	axillary nerve
B	radial nerve
C	forearm
D	medial cutaneous nerve of arm
E	ulnar nerve

Question 202

Continue the sentence: Articular tubercle of the temporal bone …

A	serves as a muscle attachment site.
B	forms temporomandibular joint, which allows for movements of the mandible during opening and closing of the mouth.
C	houses the structures of the middle and inner ears.
D	serves as an attachment site for several small muscles and for a ligament that supports the hyoid bone of the neck.
E	forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch.

Question 203

The pneumonia was complicated by the exudative pleurisy. Choose the structure where fluid usually colected?

A	sinus phrenicomediastinalis pleurae
B	sinus transversus pericardii
C	sinus costodiaphragmaticus pleurae
D	sinus costomediastinalis pleurae
E	sinus obliquus pericardii

Question 204

In a men 40 years old as a blow to the head appeared disorders hearing impairment and paresis of facial muscles. The doctor diagnosed him with a hematoma of the cerebellopontine angle. What nerves when it is damaged?

A	VII, VIII pairs of cranial nerves
B	IX, X, pairs of cranial nerves
C	V, VI, pairs of cranial nerves
D	XI, XII pair of cranial nerves
E	VIII, IX pairs of cranial nerves

Question 205

At inspection, a patient with a sliced wound in the popliteal fossa area detected a lack of sensitivity on the medial surface of the skin of the back leg. Which nerve is damaged?

A	Lateral cutaneous nerve of the shin
B	Sural nerve
C	Tibial nerve
D	Peroneal nerve
E	Medial cutaneous nerve of the shin

Question 206

Find the features of the atlantooccipital joint?

A	composita
B	composita
C	composite, combinata
D	combinata, simplex
E	simplex, complex

Question 207

Under certain complaints the patient 70 years old, the doctor decided to explore pulse on foot. Which artery is best to do this?

A	A. tibialis anterior
B	A. plantaris medialis
C	A. plantaris medialis
D	A. dorsalis pedis
E	A . tibialis posterior

Question 208

What are the inferior vena cava tributaries?

A	Hepatic veins Hint: +
B	Common iliac veins Hint: +
C	Lumbar veins Hint: +
D	Left testicular/ovarian vein
E	Right testicular/ovarian vein Hint: +

Question 209

What structures are located on the arcus posterior atlantis?

A	Massa lateralis, fovea articularis inferior
B	Sulcus a. vertebralis, tuberculum posterius
C	Fovea dentis, sulcus a.vertebralis
D	Fovea articularis superior, tuberculum posterius
E	Fovea articularis inferior, tuberculum posterius

Question 210

A patient suffered from an acute inflammation of the nasolacrimal canal. It is known that after suffering from flu, the patient had long discharges from the nose. From which meatus of the nasal cavity discharges could lead to the infection in the nasolacrimal canal?

A	From meatus nasi superior
B	From foramen sphenopalatinum
C	From meatus nasi inferior
D	From meatus nasi media
E	From meatus nasi communis

Question 211

A 75 years old patient was diagnosed with the stroke in an area near the red nucleus. A red nucleus is an important part of:

A	extrapyramidal system
B	rhinencephalon
C	medulla
D	pyramidal system
E	limbic system

Question 212

A 10 years old child has nasopharyngitis that is complicated by acute otitis. The middle ear is separated from the inner ear by:

A	Oval window
B	Round window
C	Both round window and tympanic membrane
D	Tympanic membrane
E	Both round window and oval window

Question 213

The hepatic portal system delivers blood from the digestive organs to the ________.

A	liver
B	hypothalamus
C	left atrium
D	spleen

Question 214

Blood pressure rise in aorta increased the load of the cardiac muscle. The muscular wall of which region of the heart reacts to irritation?

A	Left atrium
B	Right atrium
C	Right ventricle
D	Left ventricle
E	Venous sinus

Question 215

In a patient of 36 years old has a disturbance of a motor function of the tongue after a viral infection. With pathology of what nerve this state is connected?

A	Glossopharyngeal
B	Hypoglossal
C	Vagus
D	Lingual
E	Facial

Question 216

What kind of joint do we have between І st rib and sternum?

A	synhondrosis temporary
B	Diartrosis
C	synhondrosis permanent
D	symphysis
E	synostosis

Question 217

The superior vena cava receives tributaries from which vessel?

A	Azygos vein
B	Inferior phrenic veins
C	Great cardiac vein
D	Hepatic portal vein
E	Hepatic veins

Question 218

Find the joints with basis ossis metatarsi?

A	Intermetatarseae
B	Tarsometatarseae
C	Tarsi transversa
D	Metatarsophalangeae
E	Interphalangeae

Question 219

The patient was admitted to the hospital with haematoma suspected in the brain area. After the tomographic examination the lemniscus lateralis damage was revealed. Which of the pathways is this structure belong to?

A	Tr. reticulospinalis
B	Tr. tectospinalis
C	Tr. pyramidalis
D	Tr. frontopontinus
E	Tr. acusticus

Question 220

Name the bone that has linea nuchalis superior.

A	The occipital bone (os occipitale)
B	The ethmoid bone (os ethmoidale)
C	The parietal bone (os parietale)
D	The temporal bone (os temporale)
E	The frontal bone (os frontale)

Question 221

Where is the right and left brachiocephalic veins join and form the superior vena cava?

A	anterior to the lower edge of the right first costal cartilage
B	posterior to the lower edge of the right first costal cartilage
C	anterior to the right second costal cartilage
D	posterior to the left second costal cartilage
E	posterior to the right second costal cartilage

Question 222

Which of the following is NOT a branch of the superior mesenteric artery?

A	Ileocolic artery
B	Jejunal artery
C	Right colic artery
D	Left colic artery

Question 223

Patient aged 30 with inflammation of the 2nd upper molar pulp came to a doctor complaining of headaches and mucus from the nose. After examination he was diagnosed – pulpitis, complicated with sinusitis. Name the infected sinuse.

A	frontal
B	ethmoidal
C	mastoid cells
D	sphenoid
E	maxillary

Question 224

After the fracture of bones in a distal part of the forearm and long-term immobilization in a patient the limitation of movements at wrist joint came into being. What movements, peculiar to this joint, must be renewed by persistent training?

A	abduction-adduction
B	flexion-extension, abduction-adduction
C	rotation, flexion-extension
D	flexion-extension
E	flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, rotation

Question 225

In a patient was diagnosed the oblique inguinal hernia, which came out of the inguinal canal. What structure does forms the inferior wall of the inguinal canal?

A	Aponeurosis of m. obliqui externus abdominis.
B	Ligamentum inguinale.
C	Ligamentum lacunare.
D	M. transversus abdominis.
E	Fascia transversalis.

Question 226

Choice uniaxial joints?

A	spheroidea, hinge, sellaris
B	ball and socket, cochlearis, plana
C	pivot, hinge
D	cochlearis, plana
E	pivot, condylaris, ellipsoidea

Question 227

What are the arteries branched from the aa. intercostales posteriors III-XI of the thoracic aorta?

A	Aa. thoracica interna
B	Rami mediastinales
C	Rami dorsalis
D	Aa. phrenicae superiores
E	Aa. intercostales posteriors I-XI

Question 228

In the department of maxillofacial surgery with a gunshot wound was taken a man, 43 years. After radiological examination the doctor found that the bullet passed through the skull at mental foramen (foramen mentale). What bone is damaged?

A	Vomer
B	Zygomatic bone (os zygomaticum).
C	Mandibula.
D	Maxilla
E	Palatinum bone (os palatinum).

Question 229

To the hospital applied a man with the fracture of the upper third of the humerus with a displacement of fragments, as a result blood vessels and nerves that pass through foramen quadrilaterum of the posterior wall of the axillary cavity, were damaged. What structure limits the foramen quadrilaterum?

A	M. teres major, m teres minor, m. triceps brachii, m. brachialis.
B	M. teres major, m. teres minor, m. triceps brachii, os humeri.
C	M. latissimus dorsi, m. infraspinatus, m. coracobrachialis, m. brachialis.
D	M. teres major, m. biceps brachii, os humeri, m. brachialis.

Question 230

Choose the parts of the sphenoid bone.

A	The pterygoid processes
B	Talus
C	Glabella
D	The squama
E	The petrous (pyramid) with mastoid process

Question 231

A 30 years old woman fell and injured the sacrum. The radiological investigations revealed damage of the sacral crest which is formed by the transverse processes of the sacral vertebrae. Which sacral crest was damaged?

A	Right lateral and right medial crests
B	Middle and right medial crests.
C	Median and left medial crests.
D	Right lateral and left lateral crests.
E	Left lateral and left medial crests.

Question 232

Continue the sentence: The sphenoid bone consist of…

A	1 body, 2 lesser wings, 2 greater winds, 2 sphenoidal sinuses.
B	seven different parts: 1 sella turcica, 2 lesser wings, 2 greater winds, 2 pterygoid process.
C	seven different parts: 1 body, 2 lesser wings, 2 greater winds, 2 pterygoid process.
D	1 cribriform plate, 2 lesser wings, 2 greater winds, 2 pterygoid process.
E	1 sella turcica, 2 lesser wings, 2 greater winds, 2 sphenoidal sinuses.

Question 233

What auxiliary apparatus does art. Humeri have?

A	plica synovialis, discus articularis
B	ligamentum intracapsulare
C	meniscus, bursa synovialis
D	labrum articulare, bursa synovialis, vagina synovialis
E	ligamentum intracapsulare, plica synovialis

Question 234

What ligaments does art. Cubiti have?

A	radiale et ulnare, collaterale, annulare radii
B	collaterale radiale, radiocapeum palmare
C	Radiacarpeum dorsale et palmare
D	lateralis, collaterale, mediale breve
E	collaterale radiale et ulnare, ligg. carpea

Question 235

The car ambulance delivred a man, who is 35 years old, to the hospital with a brain injury. After the X-ray doctor establish the fractured skull. The line of the fracture passes through coronal process. What bone is injured?

A	Zygomatic bone (os zygomaticum).
B	Mandibula
C	Palatinum bone (os palatinum).
D	Lacrimal bone (os lacrimale).
E	Maxilla

Question 236

The 35 yearold man after meningoencephalitis had the sharp decline of hearing. The inspection has not exposed pathology of sound conducting and sound accepting organs of hearing. In what cortical gyrus have the pathological changes been found?

A	superior temporal
B	supramarginalis
C	superior frontal
D	insula
E	middle temporal

Question 237

Name the two anatomic separated articulations which move at the same time

A	composita
B	simplex
C	ball and socket
D	combinata
E	complexa

Question 238

What joint has ‘rotatio’?

A	articulatio zygapopbysialis
B	articulatio atlantoaxialis mediana
C	articulatio atlantoaxialis mediana, articulation atlanto-occipitalis
D	articulatio atlanto-occipitalis, articulatio atlantoaxialis lateralis
E	articulatio atlantooccipitalis

Question 239

After removing the tooth of the patient, the dentist saw that it has two roots. What is the tooth?

A	Upper incisor
B	Lower premolar
C	Lower molar
D	Canine
E	Upper molar

Question 240

Find the features of Articulatio genus?

A	Hinge
B	Sellaris
C	Pivot
D	Spheroidea
E	Condylaris

Question 241

Name the body parts located close to the head?

A	caudalis (inferior
B	Dexter
C	Profundus
D	Cranialis (superior)
E	Superficialis.

Question 242

A patient has a tumor of the eyesocket tissues behind the eyeball. Disruption of the accomodation and pupil constriction is observed. What anatomical structure is damaged?

A	N. trochlearis.
B	Ganglion ciliare.
C	N.opticus.
D	N.nasociliaris.
E	N.lacrimalis.

Question 243

After haemorrhage the patient lost an ability to pronounce words. In what gyrus this hemorrhage could be localized?

A	Middle temporal
B	Superior temporal
C	Middle frontal
D	Superior frontal
E	Inferior frontal

Question 244

The patient appealed to the doctor with a complaint of difficulty in chewing. At inspection detected right temporal atrophy and chewing muscles. When you open your mouth jaw deviates to the left. What a nerve is affected?

A	inferior alveolar
B	Mylohyoid
C	maxillary
D	Motor portion of the mandibular
E	Facial

Question 245

What is the name of second vertebra?

A	Atlas
B	Axis
C	Vertebra prominens
D	Vertebrae cervicales
E	Coccyx

Question 246

Examination of the 27year old male showed increase in the size of hand, foot and lower jaw, deformity of the joints and spine, hormonal disorders (impotence, testicular atrophy). What gland is damaged?

A	anterior pituitary
B	adrenal glands
C	thyroid gland
D	parathyroid glands
E	pineal body

Question 247

Branches of what arteries form anastomosis with the oesophageal branches (rami oesophagei)?

A	Superior thyroid artery and left gastric artery
B	Left gastric artery
C	Inferior thyroid artery and superior thyroid artery
D	Inferior thyroid artery and left gastric artery
E	Inferior thyroid artery

Question 248

What are the branches aroused from truncus thyrocervicalis?

A	A.vertebralis, a.colli ascendens, a.colli transversa
B	A.laryngea inferior, a.thoracica interna, a.colli superficialis
C	A.thoracica interna, a.vertebralis, a.thyroidea inferior
D	A.thyroidea superior, a.laryngea, a.vertebralis
E	A.thyroidea inferior, a.colli ascendens, a.suprascapularis

Question 249

Branches of which artery provide blood supply of the pancreas?

A	A. gastroduodenalis, a. lienalis, a. mesenterica superior
B	A. lienalis, a. suprarenalis superior
C	A. hepatica communis, a. colica media, a. suprarenalis inferior
D	Aa. phrenicae inferiors, a. renalis, a. mesenterica superior

Question 250

Choose the source of blood supply of hepar and ventriculus?

A	A.gastrica sinistra
B	A.linealis
C	Truncus coeliacus
D	A.hepatica sinistra
E	A.mesenterica superior

Question 251

A patient suffering from an intra-articular fracture of the femoral neck. Asymmetry of the head of the femur is observed. Which structure is damaged?

A	Ligamentum capitis femoris
B	Nervus femoralis
C	Arteria obturatoria
D	Nervus obturatorius
E	Zona orbicullaris

Question 252

A child has a wound located posterior to the mastiod process. Bright red blood flows from the wound. Damaged are the branches of the following artery:

A	a.carotis interna
B	a.maxillaris.
C	a.carotis interna.
D	a.temporalis superior.
E	a.occipitalis

Question 253

What is the name of bones connection made up with fibrous connective tissue?

A	synchondrosis
B	syndesmosis
C	synostosis
D	articulatio
E	symphysis

Question 254

Name the plane with physiological bends of the spine?

A	Sagittalis
B	Horizontalis et sagittalis
C	Frontalis et sagittalis
D	Horizontalis et frontalis
E	Frontalis

Question 255

Choice joints with few axial?

A	spheroidea, plana, ball and socket
B	plana, pivot, hinge
C	ellipsoidea, pivot, sellaris
D	plana, pivot, sellaris
E	spheroidea, ball and socket, sellaris

Question 256

What structure is separatec pelvis major from pelvis minor?

A	Crista iliaca
B	Linea aspera
C	Linea glutea
D	Linea terminalis
E	Linea transversa

Question 257

In a patient at appendectomy a surgeon dissects the muscular fibers of anterior abdominal wall successively as follow:

A	external oblique, internal oblique, rectus abdomini
B	transversus, internal oblique
C	rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique
D	external oblique, internal oblique, transversus
E	rectus abdominis, external oblique

Question 258

The endothelium is found in the ________.

A	lumen
B	tunica intima
C	tunica media
D	tunica externa

Question 259

A man arrived into a traumatological department with a trauma of the right shoulder. Examination revealed a displaced humeral shaft fracture on the right in the middle right third of the humerus; the patient can't extend the fingers if his right hand. What nerve is damaged?

A	Radial
B	Median
C	Axillary
D	Musculocutaneus.
E	Ulnar

Question 260

After the injury of temporal region a patient got epidural hematoma. Which artery is damaged?

A	Deep temporal
B	Superior tympanic
C	Inferior tympanic
D	Deep auriculary
E	Middle meningeal

Question 261

What bone does have processus spinosus?

A	Humerus
B	Os temporale
C	Os sphenoidale
D	Ulna
E	Vertebra

Question 262

The patient cannot understand the text (cannot reabecause of complication after the trauma of the head. What is the localization of the central nervous system lesion in this case?

A	Superior temporal gyrus
B	Superior frontal gyrus
C	Middle frontal gyrus
D	Middle temporal gyrus
E	Gyrus angularis

Question 263

Before the surgeon appealed a woman, 20 years old, with purulent inflammation of the skin in the region of infraorbital fossa. Doctor predicts extending inflammation in the orbit. Through which anatomic structure it possible for inflammation to spread in this case?

A	Fissura orbitalis inferior.
B	Canalis infraorbitalis.
C	Canalis pterygoideus.
D	Canalis nasolacrimalis.
E	Canalis incisivus.

Question 264

The patient who entered the neurological department, the examination revealed deviations in the protrusion of the tongue aside, half tongue atrophy, speech disorders, difficulty swallowing. What nerve is damaged?

A	vagus
B	hypoglossal
C	glossopharyngeal
D	chorda tympani
E	lingual

Question 265

What is the main artery supplying the pelvic region?

A	Superior rectal artery
B	Median sacral artery
C	Internal iliac artery
D	External iliac artery

Question 266

The patient 34 years old was admitted to the hospital with compression fracture at the level of the fourth thoracic vertebra. At the level of which spinal cord segment will be disturbance?

A	ThII
B	ThVII
C	LI
D	ThV
E	CVIII

Question 267

The patient has inflammation of the inner ear. After the examination, the lesion of VIII pairs of cranial nerves was found by the doctor. What is a location of bodies of first neurons of the auditory analyzer?

A	G. vestibulare
B	G. geniculi
C	G. trigeminale
D	G. spirale
E	G. ciliare

Question 268

An athlete felt pain along the sciatic nerve due to the compression of the muscle that goes through the incisura ischiadiaca major. Which muscle was injured during exercise?

A	Musculus gluteus medius
B	Musculus piriformis
C	Musculus quadratus lumborum
D	Musculus obturatorius internus
E	Musculus obturatorius externus

Question 269

What is the specific feature of the second cervical vertebra?

A	Massive transverse process connects with the whole lateral aspect of its pedicle
B	It has long and easily felt non-bifid spine
C	It bears the dens (odontoid process) on the superior aspect of its body
D	It comes into relationship with the descending aorta and is a little flattened by it on its left flank
E	It has no body

Question 270

To the hospital applied a man with the fracture of the upper third of the humerus with the displacement of fragments, as a result blood vessels and nerves that pass through foramen quadrilaterum of the posterior wall of the axillary cavity, were damaged. What structures do limit foramen quadrilaterum?

A	M. latissimus dorsi, m. infraspinatus, m. coracobrachialis, m. brachialis
B	M. teres major, m teres minor, m. triceps brachii, m. brachialis.
C	M. teres major, m. biceps brachii, os humeri, m. brachialis.
D	M. teres major, m. teres minor, caput longum m. triceps brachii, os humeri.

Question 271

What are the organ middle colic vein drained?

A	transverse colon
B	jejunum and ileum
C	pancreas and duodenum
D	ascending colon
E	greater curvature of the stomach

Question 272

Examining the boy, who is 2 years old, ophthalmologist established breach of the outcome of his tears into the lower nostril. Through which communication of orbit with lower nasal passage is this passage of tears complicated?

A	The lower orbital fissure.
B	Anterior ethmoid foramen.
C	Nasolacrimal canal.
D	Posterior ethmoid foramen.
E	The upper orbital fissure.

Question 273

Patient M., 41 years old, got into an infectious department of the hospital with high fever. He has been showing meningeal symptoms. A spinal puncture was performed. Which anatomical formation has been punctured?

A	cisterna cerebellomedullaris posterior
B	spatium subarachnoideum
C	spatium subdurale
D	spatium epidurale
E	cavum trigeminale

Question 274

What bone does have transverse processes?

A	Vertebra
B	Humerus
C	Coccyx
D	Os temporale
E	Sacrum

Question 275

In a patient, liquid food enters the nasal cavity through the upper wall of the mouth due to damage of the bone formation. Which anatomic formation is damaged?

A	soft palate
B	circular muscle of mouth
C	root of the tongue
D	palate
E	pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube (eustachian cushion)

Question 276

What is the artery pass below the twelfth rib?

A	Posterior intercostal artery
B	Subcostal artery
C	Inferior phrenic artery
D	Internal thoracic artery
E	Anterior intercostal artery

Question 277

A patient diagnosed lesions of the third branch of the trigeminal nerve. Through which opening of the skull comes out of this branch?

A	foramen lacerum
B	foramen spinosum
C	superior orbital fissure
D	foramen rotundum
E	foramen ovale

Question 278

18year old man came to a sexologist. On analyzing complaints and after examining the young man, the doctor diagnosed abnormal ejaculation in the output phase (accumulation of secretions in the prostate of the male urethra). What is a name of the duct through which the secret goes (sperm and seminal fluid) to the male urethra?

A	Ductus epididymidis
B	Ductus ejaculatorius
C	Ductuli prostatici
D	Ductus deferens
E	Ductus excretorius

Question 279

A patient was admitted to the hospital with problem in abdomen. The tunica muscularis of which tubular organs of alimentary canal consists of three layers?

A	stomach
B	duodenum
C	esophagus
D	jejunum
E	ileum

Question 280

As a result of an injury, a 34 years old patient is suffering from limited flexion of middle phalanges of fingers 2-5 –of all fingers actually-. The function of which muscles is most likely to be broken?

A	m. flexor digitorum profundus
B	m. palmaris brevis, m. abductor digiti minimi
C	m. flexor digitorum superficialis
D	m. palmaris longus
E	m. opponens policis, m. adductor policis

Question 281

What movements can we do in sagital axis?

A	abductio, adductio
B	rotatio,extensio
C	flexio, adduction
D	flexio, extensio
E	circumductio, flexio

Question 282

A patient is developed a tumor in the bottom of the bladder. What organ can be damaged based on syntopy of the bladder?

A	rectum
B	prostate
C	ampulla of the deferent duct
D	seminal vesicles
E	spermatic cord

Question 283

At the prophylactic inspection at school, in pupil was revealed a harsh systolic murmur in second intercostal space. At the detailed inspection, the persistence of arterial duct of Botallo was diagnosed, which connects:

A	Aorta with truncus pulmonalis
B	Aorta with vena cava superior
C	Right atrium with vena cava superior
D	Right atrium with left atrium
E	Aorta with vena cava inferior

Question 284

What are the vessels belong to the rami viscerales of the thoracic aorta?

A	Aa. intercostales posteriors I-XI, rami oesophagei, rami pericardiaci
B	Rami bronchiales, rami oesophagei, rami mediastinales, rami pericardiaci
C	Rami oesophagei, rami pericardiaci
D	Rami mediastinales, rami pericardiaci
E	Aa. intercostales posteriors III-XI, rami oesophagei, rami pericardiaci

Question 285

At the inspection of blood supply of foot, a physician feels a pulsation of a large artery, which passes behind malleolus medialis in the separate fibrous channel. Which artery is this?

A	a.fibularis
B	a.tarsea medialis
C	a.tarsea lateralis
D	a.tibialis posterior
E	a.tibialis anterior

Question 286

What is the type of articulatio intervertebralis?

A	combinata, simplex
B	simplex, complex
C	composita
D	composite, combinata
E	composita

Question 287

A patient who got into a car accident has bleeding from soft tissues in front of the angle of the mandible. Which vessel must be legated to stop the bleeding?

A	A. facialis
B	A. lingualis
C	A. carotis interna
D	A. alveolaris inferior
E	A. temporalis superficialis

Question 288

In a patient, a doctor diagnosed brain damage after strike head on the ground. The median atlantoaxial joint is classified as:

A	ball-and-socket
B	hinge
C	condyloid
D	gliding
E	pivot

Question 289

At a child, there is suspected the stenosis of the mitral valve. At what point is its auscultation performed?

A	second intercostal space near the right margin of sternum
B	fifth intercostal space near the right margin of sternum
C	point of cardiac beat
D	basis of xyphoid process
E	second intercostal space near the left margin of sternum

Question 290

A patient can not extend a knee joint, knee reflex is not observed, skin sensitivity of the anterior surface. Which nerve is damaged?

A	Inferior gluteal nerve
B	Obturator
C	Common peroneal
D	Superior gluteal
E	Femoral

Question 291

On the x-ray image of the pelvis of newborn, the three distinct bones are marked, which are separated by cartilage in the area of the acetabulum. These bones are:

A	os sacrum, os pubis, os coccygis
B	os pubis, os femur, os sacrum
C	os ilii, os pubis, os ischii
D	os pubis os ischii, femur
E	os ilii, os sacrum, os coccygis

Question 292

The pointer tip introduced into space between lig. hepatorenale and lig. hepatoduodenale enters:

A	Inferior duodenojejunal recess
B	Bursa omentalis
C	Bursa hepatica
D	Superior duodenojejunal recess
E	Bursa pregastrica

Question 293

Which of the following is not one of the three major branches of the inferior mesenteric artery?

A	Right colic artery
B	Sigmoid artery
C	Superior rectal artery
D	Left colic artery

Question 294

The girl complains on difficulty of extension fingers and hands, loss of sensitivity of the skin of posterior surface of the shoulder, forearm and I-III fingers. Which nerve affected?

A	N. musculocutaneus
B	N. medianus
C	N. cutaneus antebrachii medialis
D	N. ulnaris
E	N. radialis

Question 295

A patient was admitted to a neurological department with deflection of the tongue to the side when extruded, atrophic changes of the half of the tongue, logopathy, deglutitive problem. Which nerve was damaged?

A	Chorda tympani
B	N. lossopharyngeal
C	N. hypoglossal
D	N. lingual
E	N. vagus

Question 296

Choice ligament which doesn’t connect with articulatio radiocarpea?

A	ligg.collaterale carpi
B	lig.radiocarpeum palmare
C	ligg.collaterale carpi radiale
D	lig.collaterale carpi ulnare
E	lig.radiocarpeum dorsale

Question 297

At patient 28year old is diagnosed acute inflammation of nasolacrimal duct. From what department of nasal cavity could an infection spread in the nasolacrimal duct?

A	Inferior nasal meatus
B	Vestibulum of nasal cavity
C	Common nasal meatus
D	Middle nasal meatus
E	Superior nasal meatus

Question 298

As a result of the fracture of the tibia, the anterior group of muscles of the lower leg was damaged. The function of which muscle may be affected?

A	M.extensor digitorum brevis
B	M.extensor hallucis longus.
C	M. fibularis longus.
D	M. soleus.
E	M.flexor digitorum longus.

Question 299

After the injured soft tissues of the oral cavity, the patient lost taste sensitivity of the posterior third of the tongue. What nerve is affected?

A	N. facialis
B	N. hypoglossus
C	N. glossopharyngeus
D	N. lingualis

Question 300

During the operation (cesarean section), was made the sectionon in the pubic area, the vagina of rectus abdominis muscle was cated. What does consis the anterior wall of the vaginaof rectus abdominis muscle?

A	Aponeurosis m. transversi abdominis, m. obliquus internus abdominis.
B	Aponeurosis m. transversi abdominis, m. obliquus externus abdominis.
C	Aponeurosis m. transversi abdominis, m. obliquus internus abdominis
D	Aponeurosis m. obliqui internus abdominis, m. obliquus externus abdominis., m. transversi abdominis
E	Aponeurosis m. transversi abdominis, m. pyramidalis.

Question 301

What are the vessels belong to the rami viscerales of the thoracic aorta?

A	Rami mediastinales, rami pericardiaci
B	Aa. intercostales posteriors III-XI, rami oesophagei, rami pericardiaci
C	Aa. intercostales posteriors I-XI, rami oesophagei, rami pericardiaci
D	Rami oesophagei, rami pericardiaci
E	Rami bronchiales, rami oesophagei, rami mediastinales, rami pericardiaci

Question 302

In the patient at the time of swallowing particles food getting into the nasal cavity. Which muscle of the soft palate affected?

A	Tensor veli palatine
B	Glossopharyngeal
C	Musculus uvulae
D	Palatopharyngeus
E	Palatoglossus

Question 303

The patient complains of dizziness of the head and hearing loss.Which nerve is damaged?

A	N.vestibulocochlearis
B	N. hypoglossus
C	N.trigeminus
D	Vagus
E	N.trochlearis

Question 304

An ambulance brought a man with an injury of the brain to the hospital. The doctor found the fracture of the skull. The fracture line passes through the sagittal border. Which bone was injured?

A	os occipitale
B	os parietale
C	os ethmoidale
D	os temporale
E	os frontale

Question 305

A patient complains of pain and spasms along the posteromedial surface of the leg. Which vein is damaged?

A	V. saphena magna
B	V. poplitea
C	V. epigastrica superficialis
D	V. femoralis
E	Left common caroitd artery

Question 306

During examination of the patient the injury of the lemniscus lateralis was revealed. Which of the pathways is this structure?

A	Tr. tectospinalis
B	Tr. reticulospinalis
C	Tr. frontopontinus
D	Tr. acusticus
E	Tr. pyramidalis

Question 307

Find the features of articulatio radiocarpea?

A	composita, ellipsoidea
B	simplex, spheroidea
C	simplex, ellipsoidea
D	composita, sellaris
E	composita, plana

Question 308

In a patient was diagnosed the oblique inguinal hernia, which came out of the inguinal canal. What structure does form the inferior wall of the inguinal canal?

A	Fascia transversalis.
B	M. transversus abdominis.
C	Aponeurosis of m. obliqui externus abdominis
D	Ligamentum inguinale.
E	Ligamentum lacunare.

Question 309

A 10 years old child with nasal inflammation complains about a pain in his left ear. The examination has found inflammation of the middle ear. Through which anatomical formation the infection passed in the middle ear?

A	Carotic canal
B	Musculotubal canal
C	Semicanal of tensor tympany muscle
D	Tympanic canal
E	Semicanal of auditory tube

Question 310

The patient 69 years old, has purulent inflammation of the nasal cavity, which spread in the anterior cranial fossa. Through which anatomic structure did purulent process spread into this fossa?

A	Foramen ovale.
B	Foramina cribrosa.
C	Foramen ethmoidalae posterius.
D	Foramen rotundum.
E	Foramen sphenopalatinum.

Question 311

What arteries provide blood supply spatia intercostales I et II?

A	A.thoracica interna, a.colli ascendens
B	Aa.intercostales anteriores, a.thoracoacromialis
C	Aa. intercostalis suprema, aa. intercostales anteriores, a. thoracica superior
D	Aa. intercostales anteriores, a.colli ascendens
E	A.intercostales posteriores, a.colli ascendens

Question 312

In the victim was found stabbed muscles of the anterior wall of the axillary fossa. Which muscles forms this wall?

A	M. pectoralis minor, m. pectoralis major.
B	M. pectoralis minor, m. subclavius
C	M. serratus anterior, m. pectoralis minor
D	M. serratus anterior, m. pectoralis major
E	M. serratus anterior, m. subclavius

Question 313

In a patient, difficulty tight closing jaws chewing. Physician defined partial atrophy of masticatory muscles located below zygomatic The branches of which these nerves innervate listed muscles?

A	N. maxillaries
B	Nn. alveolares superiors
C	N. infraorbitalis
D	N. mandibularis
E	N. alveolaris inferior

Question 314

How many veins systems drain abdominal structures?

A	5
B	2
C	3
D	1
E	4

Question 315

What types of syndesmosis do you know?

A	articulatio, synchondrosis, synostosis, fonticulus
B	ligamentum, membrana, sutura, fonticulus
C	ligamentum, sutura, gomphosis, symphysis
D	diartrosis, symphysis, synartrosis
E	sutura, symphysis, fonticulus

Question 316

For confirmation of diagnosis “myocardial ischemia” in a patient was executed coronarography (inspection of circulation in the coronary arteries of the heart). A physician must know that the left coronary artery is distributed into branches:

A	ramus interventricularis anterior and ramus descendens
B	ramus interventricularis anterior and ramus ascendens
C	ramus interventricularis anterior and ramus interventricularis posterior
D	ramus interventricularis posterior and ramus descendens
E	ramus interventricularis anterior and ramus circumphlexus

Question 317

Find ribs that don’t have articulatio castotransversaria?

A	XI, XII
B	X, IX
C	I, II
D	VI, XII
E	VIII, V

Question 318

Woman 35 years old came to the otolaryngologist with complaints of headache and runny nose. The doctor set the maxillary sinus inflammation (sinusitis). What bone is inflammated?

A	Ethmoid bone (os ethmoidale).
B	Sphenoid bone (os sphenoidale)
C	Maxilla.
D	Frontal bone (os frontale).
E	Palatinum bone (os palatinum).

Question 319

What are the visceral branches of the a.thoracica?

A	Pulmonales, cardiaci, mediastinales
B	Aa. phrenici inferiores, intercostales anteriores, cardiac
C	Aa. bronchiales, mediastinales, esophageales, pericardiaci
D	Aa. bronchiales, intercostales, epigastrici superiores

Question 320

During the examination of the oral cavity of the patient decay of the tooth crown is found. The decay of the tooth crown is addressed to proper oral cavity. What is the name of the tooth crown surface?

A	Facies vestibularis
B	Facies lingualis
C	Facies distalis
D	Facies contactus
E	Facies mesialis

Question 321

It is known, that fractures of bones both at youths and elder men happen in the area of the surgical neck. Indicate, on which of the following bones is this landmark present?

A	humerus
B	ulna
C	fibula
D	femur
E	radius

Question 322

Find the bone that supports body weight when sitting?

A	iliac crest
B	ischial tuberosity
C	pubic symphys
D	ischiopubic ramus
E	pubic body

Question 323

The girl, 12 years, with long-term inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity has symptoms of sphenoid sinus inflammation. Through which anatomic structure did inflammation spread into this sinus?

A	Sphenopalatine foramen.
B	Round foramen.
C	Hiatus semilunaris.
D	Foramen of sphenoid bone.
E	Oval foramen.

Question 324

Due to the tumor in the third ventricle of the brain the patient developed the autonomic disorders such as sleep disorders, thermoregulation, all types of metabolism disorders, diabetes insipidus. Irritating of nuclei of which areas of the brain caused these symptoms?

A	Hypothalamus
B	Pons
C	Peduncles of the brain
D	Medulla oblongata
E	Tegmentum of the midbrain

Question 325

In a patient 45 years old on the right foot observed paleness of skin leg and foot and there is a lack artery pulsation dorsal foot and posterior tibial arteries. The ripple of the femoral artery is preserved. About lesion of which artery is evidenced by?

A	external iliac
B	fibular
C	descending genu
D	deep artery of the thigh
E	popliteal

Question 326

Patient after injury observed decrease pain and temperature sensitivity in the region of 1.5 on the palmar surface of the fingers and toes of 2.5 on the dorsum of the part of the little finger. Which nerve is damaged due to injury?

A	N. medianus
B	N. ulnaris
C	N. radialis
D	N. cutaneus antebrachii medialis
E	N. musculocutaneus

Question 327

What are the parried visceral branches of the a. abdominalis?

A	Aa. suprarenales mediae, iliacae internae, uterinae
B	Aa. suprarenales superiores, renales, phrenici inferiores
C	Aa. renales, suprarenales mediae, testiculares (ovaricae)
D	Aa. testiculares (ovaricae), lumbales, mesenterici inferiors
E	Aa. suprarenales inferiores, aa. colicae, aa. renales

Question 328

The pelvis ________.

A	has a space located inferior to the pelvic brim called the greater pelvis
B	consists of the two hip bones, but does not include the sacrum or coccyx
C	has a subpubic angle that is larger in females
D	has an obturator foramen, an opening that is defined in part by the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments

Question 329

Woman, 52 years, came to the neurosurgical department with intracranial tumor. Additional examination of the patient revealed that the tumor has destroyed the front half of the upper wall of the eye socket. Which bone is damaged by the tumor?

A	Ethmoid bone.
B	Sphenoid bone.
C	Nasal bone.
D	Frontal bone.
E	Temporal bone.

Question 330

Where is inferior mesenteric artery arising from the aorta?

A	either side posteriorly, at the level of L1
B	laterally of the aorta, at the level of L2
C	laterally at the level between L1 and L2
D	anteriorly, at the level of L3
E	at the lower level of L1

Question 331

In patient removed tooth. The crown of the tooth has a rhomboid shape, on the chewing surface of the four tubercles, it has three roots. Determine which tooth removed.

A	upper third molar
B	lower second molar
C	upper second molar
D	first lower molar
E	upper first molar

Question 332

Frontal plane (coronal plane) divides the body into:

A	Cranialis (superior) and caudalis (inferior) parts
B	Profundus and superficialis
C	Anterior (ventralis) and posterior (dorsalis) parts
D	Profundus and superficialis
E	Proximalis and distalis

Question 333

In a patient 65 years old the dysfunction of motor centers that regulate the activity of the muscles of the head was observed after the household trauma. In which areas of the cerebral cortex the corresponding center is localized?

A	Angular gyrus
B	Lower part of the precentral gyrus
C	Upper part of the precentral gyrus
D	Marginal gyrus
E	Superior parietal lobe

Question 334

What are the branches a.thoracica interna has?

A	A. pericardiacophrenica, a. epigastrica inferior
B	Aa. mediastinales et pericardiacae
C	A. intercostalis, a. phrenica
D	A. musculophrenica, a. epigastrica superior
E	A. intercostalis. a. epigastrica superior

Question 335

During the examination of a 2 years old boy, the ophthalmologist found the breach of outflow of tears to meatus nasi inferior . Through which structure does communicate orbit with nasal cavity?

A	Inferior orbital fissure
B	Superior orbital fissure
C	Nasolacrimal canal
D	Anterior ethmoid foramen
E	Optic canal

Question 336

A patient 45-year-old was turned to the clinic with complaints of loss of sensation in the area of the back 1/3 of the tongue. The function which pairs of cranial nerves broken?

A	X
B	IX
C	VIII
D	V
E	XII

Question 337

At a patient, there is a disturbance of the skin sensitivity at the lateral surface of the forearm. What nerve is damaged?

A	axilaris
B	musculocutaneus
C	ulnaris
D	medianus
E	radialis

Question 338

After the trauma the patient 45 years old has loss of sensitivity on specific areas of the right part of the body. What gyrus of the cerebral hemispheres is affected?

A	Inferior temporal gyrus
B	Middle temporal gyrus
C	Postcentral gyrus
D	Precentral gyrus
E	Superior temporal gyrus

Question 339

What kinds of joints do we have between calvaria cranii?

A	Suturae, Synostosis, Fonticuli
B	Articulatio,Suturae
C	Suturae, Symphysis
D	Ligamenta
E	Symphysis, Ligamenta

Question 340

What structure contributes to the knee joint?

A	tibial tuberosity
B	lateral epicondyle of the femur
C	medial condyle of the tibia
D	lateral malleolus of the fibula

Question 341

The patient underwent Subtotal subfascial resection of the thyroid gland. In the postoperative period lasting hoarseness. What nerve is damaged during surgery?

A	hypoglossal nerve
B	mandibular nerve
C	lingual nerve
D	superior laryngeal nerve
E	recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 342

After an injury, the branches of the carotid artery started bleeding. For temporary stoppage of bleeding, the carotid artery should be pressed to the tubercle of the transverse processes of one of the cervical vertebras. Which vertebrae exactly?

A	IV
B	V
C	VI
D	III
E	II

Question 343

To the hospital applied a woman which has a problem with genital organs. Which of the following structures does derive from ductus paramesonephricus?

A	Tuba uterina
B	Ductus excretorius
C	Ductus epididymidis
D	Ductus deferens
E	Ductus ejaculatorius

Question 344

What is the specific feature of vertebrae thoracales?

A	All vertebrae thoracales bear the dens (odontoid process)
B	Spines of all vertebrae thoracales are small and bifid
C	Foramen transversarium perforating the transverse processes
D	T5 and T8 have not corpus
E	Demifacets on the sides of their bodies for articulation with the heads of the ribs and by facets on their transverse processes

Question 345

Developmentally the arc of aorta is homologous to:

A	left subclavian artery
B	truncus brachiocephalicus
C	right subclavian artery
D	left carotid artery
E	right carotid artery

Question 346

A patient came to the hospital with a complaint of pain, limitation of movement in the radio-carpal joint. What movements are limited in the joint?

A	Flexio, extensio, circumductio
B	Flexio, extensio, rotatio
C	Abductio, adductio, circumductio
D	Flexio, extensio, abductio, adductio, circumductio.
E	Abductio, adductio, rotatio.

Question 347

Which vein does NOT drain directly into the inferior vena cava?

A	Right hepatic vein
B	Left renal vein
C	Splenic vein
D	Right testicular vein

Question 348

A patient was admitted to the hospital with muscles of facial expression disorder. The facial nerve passes through the foramen

A	lacerum
B	stylomastoid
C	rotundum
D	spinosum
E	ovale

Question 349

Articulationes metacarpophalangeales manus is....

A	Composita, Sellaris
B	Simplex, Ellipsoidea
C	Simplex, Plana
D	Composita, Spheroidea
E	Composita

Question 350

The patient after the stroke has the hemorrhage in the area of the medial surface of the occipital lobe of the brain. The function of which analyzer is likely to be broken?

A	Auditory
B	Olfactory
C	Gustatory
D	Visual
E	Somatosensory

Question 351

This bone assists in forming the boundaries of three cavities: the roof of the mouth, the floor and lateral wall of the nasal cavity, the wall of the orbit. What is it?

A	The occipital bone (os occipital)
B	The mandible (mandible)
C	The maxilla (maxilla)
D	The ethmoid bone (os ethmoidale).
E	The frontal bone (os frontale)

Question 352

Branches of what arteries form anastomosis with the oesophageal branches (rami oesophagei)?

A	Left gastric artery
B	Superior thyroid artery
C	Inferior thyroid artery
D	Superior thyroid artery and left gastric artery
E	Inferior thyroid artery and left gastric artery

Question 353

What structures does the right suprarenal vein drain?

A	Posterior abdominal wall
B	Diaphragm
C	Anterior abdominal wall
D	Right adrenal gland
E	Kidneys

Question 354

An ambulance brought a 8 months old baby with the injury of the head in the anterior fontanel region. The X-ray found the damage of bone which limits this fontanel in front. What bone was damaged?

A	Maxilla
B	Os lacrimale
C	Os frontale
D	Os zygomaticus
E	Os palatinum

Question 355

At patient is diagnosed a necrotic form of acute pancreatitis. Where the exudate does in the peritoneal spaces is spread?

A	into left lateral canal
B	into right lateral canal
C	into bursa omentalis
D	into bursa hepatica
E	into bursa pregastrica

Question 356

Name the body parts located distantly from the trunk?

A	Profundus
B	Distalis
C	Superficialis.
D	Proximalis
E	Sinister

Question 357

A surgeon must amputate a gangrenous part of the foot at Chopart joint in a patient. Which of the following ligaments is a key for this operation?

A	lig.mediale (deltoideum)
B	lig.plantare longum
C	lig.bifurcatum
D	lig.collaterale
E	lig.laterale

Question 358

Contraction or a great vessel reduced blood derivation from the left ventricle. Which vessel has undergone pathologica changes?

A	Aorta
B	Pulmonary trunk
C	Pulmonary vein
D	Inferior vena cava
E	Superior vena cava

Question 359

In a traffic accident in the victim is damaged lower limb, at the level of the upper third of the tibia. After on the injured limb was an impossible rear extension of the foot. What nerve is damaged?

A	Superficial peroneal nerve
B	Tibial nerve
C	Femoral nerve
D	Deep peroneal nerve
E	Common peroneal nerve

Question 360

Woman, 68 years old, after eye injury has inflammation of the soft tissues of the orbit, which later spread to infratemporal fossa. Through which anatomic structure did purulent process spread into this fossa?

A	Through fissura orbitalis inferior.
B	Through foramen zygomaticoorbitale.
C	Through fissura orbitalis superior.
D	Through sphenopalatine foramen.
E	Throght oval foramen.

Question 361

The doctor suggested the stimulating of reflex zones which are located in the skin projection of the unpaired notch of the sternum for a patient in case of breathlessness during asthma attacks.Which sternal notch is unpaired?

A	Incisura costalis VII.
B	Incisura clavicularis.
C	Incisura jugularis.
D	Incisura costalis II.
E	Incisura costalis I.

Question 362

Entrapment of this sensory nerve may present clinical signs of paresthesia (numbness) extending from the medial aspect of the knee as far as the medial aspect of the foot:

A	cutaneus surae medialis
B	sural nerve.
C	common peroneal nerve
D	tibial nerve.
E	saphenous nerve.

Question 363

Woman, 35 years old, came to the doctor complaining about complications of nasal breathing. After the examination, the doctor found a distortion of the bone that almost forms the posterior inferior part of the